GEPP Growth¶
\(n \times n\) extensions of matrices of the form
\[\begin{split}A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
-1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\
-1 &-1 & 1 & 1 \\
-1 &-1 &-1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}\end{split}\]
were known by Wilkinson to lead to an element-growth factor of \(2^{n-1}\) for Gaussian Elimination with Partial Pivoting (GEPP).